What Is a Coronary Calcium Score & How It Predicts Heart Disease Risk?

Heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, but with modern advancements in medicine, we now have tools to better understand our risk. The coronary calcium score is one of the most effective tests to assess heart disease risk. This non-invasive scan helps identify the presence of plaque buildup in the coronary arteries, offering valuable insights into your heart health. 

The Importance of Coronary Calcium Score

The coronary calcium score is a critical tool for detecting atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in the arteries). A higher calcium score indicates more plaque, which can narrow and harden the arteries, raising the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases. This test helps doctors assess your risk of heart disease early on, even before symptoms appear, allowing for more targeted and effective prevention or treatment strategies.

How Is the Coronary Calcium Score Calculated?

A specialised CT scan (computed tomography) of the heart determines a coronary calcium score. The scan detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. The score is then calculated based on the amount and density of calcium in the arteries. A higher calcium score suggests greater plaque and a higher risk of heart disease. The score typically ranges from 0 to several hundred or more.

What Does the Result of a Calcium Score Say?

The results of a coronary calcium scan are typically categorized as follows:

• 0: No detectable calcium. This suggests a very low risk of heart disease.
• 1-99: Low to moderate calcium presence. This indicates a moderate risk of heart disease.
• 100-399: Moderate to high calcium presence. This suggests a higher risk of heart disease.
• 400 or more: High calcium presence. This indicates a significant risk of heart disease, and further evaluation and management may be needed.

It’s important to note that while the score strongly predicts risk, other factors, such as lifestyle, family history, and blood tests, should also be considered when assessing overall heart health.

Who Will Benefit from a Coronary Artery Calcium Score?

The coronary calcium score test is especially beneficial for individuals at intermediate risk of heart disease but do not have apparent symptoms. It can help doctors identify people who may benefit from preventative treatments such as lifestyle changes or medications. Those with a family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes may also benefit from this test, even if they are not yet experiencing symptoms.

How Should I Prepare for a Coronary Artery Calcium Score Test?

One of the main advantages of a coronary calcium scan is that it requires very little preparation. However, it’s a good idea to wear comfortable clothing and avoid any jewellery or metal objects around the chest area. Depending on the clinic’s guidelines, you may be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for a few hours before the test, but there are no significant restrictions.

The Coronary Artery Calcium Score Scan: How It Is Done?

The coronary calcium score test uses a non-invasive CT scan and takes only a few minutes. You lie still on a table while the machine captures X-ray images of your heart. The test does not require a contrast dye or injections. To ensure clear images, you may need to hold your breath for a few seconds.

How Often Should I Get a Calcium Score Test?

The frequency of coronary calcium scans depends on individual risk factors and your doctor’s advice. For those with a low score and no significant heart disease risk factors, doctors often recommend retesting in 5-10 years. Individuals with a high score or additional risk factors may require more frequent testing or further tests to monitor their heart health.

The coronary calcium score is a valuable and non-invasive test that provides essential insights into your heart health. Detecting the early stages of plaque buildup in the arteries helps doctors assess your risk of heart disease, enabling early intervention and personalised treatment. If you are concerned about your heart health or have risk factors for heart disease, reach out to us for a proactive step toward better cardiovascular health.